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Our Culture Can't Be Canceled: Language Program Chief Explains Why Russian Popular Among Foreigners_我的网站

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A | During the Russia-Africa Youth Public Forum, which took place on July 26-28 with support from the Russian Presidential Grants Fund, Sputnik interviewed Svetlana Ulyanova, head of the Project Management Department of the Pushkin state Russian Language Institute, curator of the ‘World Russian Language Ambassadors’ Program. In the interview, she explained why people across the globe chose to learn Russian and what exactly makes Russian culture so great.,Sputnik: Why is it important to promote Russian language learning in foreign countries?,Svetlana Ulyanova: Vitaly Grigorievich Kostomarov, the founder of our Pushkin state Russian Language Institute, used to quote [Anton] Chekhov: “The more languages you know, the more you are a human being.” It was Kostomarov who proposed and developed the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language, that is, teaching it to foreigners - because it is a completely different story than teaching it to native speakers.,The Russian language is truly beautiful, interesting, fascinating. We have an amazing culture, a very interesting literature. You can experience Chekhov, Tolstoy in all their beauty only in their original language. So, there is an opportunity to truly understand what our great writers wrote about.,© Sputnik / Sergey Pyatakov / Go to the photo bankPushkin-related sites. Alexander Pushkin Museum-Reserve in Vyazyomy EstatePushkin-related sites. Alexander Pushkin Museum-Reserve in Vyazyomy Estate© Sputnik / Sergey Pyatakov / Go to the photo bank,Sputnik: Why is intercultural dialogue important, especially now, in the current political situation, between Russia and Africa, and Russia and other regions?,Svetlana Ulyanova: Cultural dialog has always been important, as evidenced by the idea of learning the Russian language through culture and the concept of “linguocountry studies”, which originated at the Pushkin Institute. After all, the Russian language is not just grammar and spelling rules. It is literature, art, and finally cuisine that form an understanding of the national character and the Russian language in particular. When we teach Russian to foreigners, we get engaged in a big dialog of cultures. Sometimes students from different continents study in the same group, and Russian becomes their only shared language. In the learning process, they also share part of their culture with us.,Our volunteers [participate], for example, in the program ‘Ambassadors of the Russian language in the world’, a program carried out by the Pushkin Institute with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia. We pay a lot of attention to intercultural communication. Otherwise, for example, the children we teach abroad would have no interest when we talk only about ourselves.,We're really interested in learning more about how people live in other countries, interested in learning about them and to really share our cultural moments with each other. That's always interesting. And speaking again about Russian ambassadors, they have the opportunity to learn more about how the whole world lives, to gain new knowledge. That is why we, in our expeditions, always pay great attention to intercultural dialogue. And the volunteers not only promote the Russian language, but they themselves learn more and more about the traditions of other countries.,© Sputnik / Anton Vergun / Go to the photo bankFestival of folk culture "Malanya Winter" in the Belgorod regionFestival of folk culture "Malanya Winter" in the Belgorod region© Sputnik / Anton Vergun / Go to the photo bank,Sputnik: Who is an ambassador of the Russian language in your understanding?,Svetlana Ulyanova: A person who promotes the Russian language. It is a measure of responsibility for what a person does, what a volunteer does. Hence, the high status of the ambassador of the Russian language speaks precisely about that. And on the other hand, indeed, this person is a representative of Russia abroad, a representative of the Russian language, Russian culture. And the ‘World Russian Language Ambassadors’ program just brings everything together.,Sputnik: How can people who learn Russian use the language in the future? Do they intend to work in Russia?,Svetlana Ulyanova: They have absolutely different opportunities. Indeed, it's a matter of business, work, international contracts, they don't have to come to Russia. After that, they can stay in their country and conduct international contracts with Russian companies or work for a Russian company that is abroad, such as Rosatom. Peaceful nuclear energy is one of the most important, large-scale things that Russia does abroad. The second point is the opportunity to travel around Russia and the CIS countries, where people speak Russian. And the third point is to delve deeper into the Russian culture.,We conducted a study called the Index of the Russian Language Position in the World, according to which Russian has taken good positions in such areas as use in international organizations, the number of Russian language resources on the internet, the number of scientific publications, which is why Russian remains the language of science and education, the language of figures and official dialog.,© Sputnik / Vitaliy Timkiv / Go to the photo bankParticipants in the celebration of the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation in KrasnodarParticipants in the celebration of the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation in Krasnodar© Sputnik / Vitaliy Timkiv / Go to the photo bank,Sputnik: How important is it to promote Russian culture now that the Russian people and culture are being subjected to the “cancel culture" in the West?,Svetlana Ulyanova: I believe that Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy, our ballet cannot be cancelled. I believe in people's good sense and that people will continue to take an interest in Russian culture. Besides, the Pushkin Institute program, including the ambassadors of the Russian language program, allows us to show the beauty of the Russian language and Russian literature to foreigners. And we do have these opportunities, which we are using.,Sputnik: What are the biggest challenges for people learning Russian?,Svetlana Ulyanova: Russian is considered one of the most difficult languages on the planet. But this does not deny its beauty. Difficulties arise depending on which language the people who learn it speak com from, because some people cannot get used to so many cases and how words change, because in their native language everything is completely different. Some people can't get used to the way we construct sentences, because in their language things are constructed differently. Everyone, probably every nationality, has its own difficulties in learning Russian. But the Pushkin Institute has special methods for teaching Russian as a foreign language. And we take this into account to make it as easy as possible for foreigners to learn our language.。

B | 　　高市早苗政府，最近给日本经济开了一剂减税“药方”。　　为了应对日本飙升的物价、安抚民生，近日，高市早苗内阁正式敲定食品消费税减税基本方针，决定从2027年4月起的两年内，将食品饮料消费税率从8%降至1%。　　这是日本自1989年开征消费税以来首次下调税率。但据日本共同社8月22至23日的全国电话调查数据，71.7%的受访者对减税后的财政状况表示担忧。

C | 随之而来的，高市内阁支持率跌至50.2%，创上台以来最低纪录。　　减税应该是惠及民生的好事。但高市早苗的减税，为何却让日本民众怕了？　　因为减税后的日子，对日本民众来说是真的不好过。　　如今，日本正面临大规模食品“涨价潮”，日本一家数据公司的最新调查显示，7月日本市场有2269种食品涨价。其中，面包类价格涨幅为3%至9%，方便面类涨幅为4%至11%，香肠、罐头等加工食品涨幅为2%至30%。　　这意味着，减税省下来的那点钱，基本跑不赢飞涨的物价。　　消费者省不了钱，普通餐饮店也可能因为减税亏本，甚至倒闭。

D | 　　按照高市的减税方案，外卖及便利店便当、熟食等食品将从原本8%的税率改为1%的低税率，而餐厅堂食则维持10%不变。　　放到最终的消费上，就是点同样的菜品，外卖比堂食的税要便宜九成，于是将会有更多人选择打包带走而不是坐下堂食，但人工、房租、水电这些固定成本却一分不少。　　而且餐馆进货时，采购食材、调味品、包装盒大多要按普通商品10%的标准税率缴税，卖出去的外带便当却只能按1%计税。这9个点的税差意味着成本不变，餐馆税金垫付的压力增大，现金流会被两头挤压。

E | 　　据日本广播协会报道，有餐饮店老板表示：“有些顾客可能会觉得外带更好，这可能导致堂食人数减少，我们必须想办法应对可能出现的客流量下降。”还有餐饮店主直言担忧：“可能大多数餐饮店都要倒闭了”。　　如此减税，不但没减出普惠，反而制造了新的不公平。　　这还不是最令日本民众感到担忧的。日本民众更想知道，减税之后，日本的钱从哪来？　　据日本媒体测算，减税两年将造成近10万亿日元的税收损失，年均约5万亿。而消费税是日本养老金、医保等社会保障制度的“地基财源”，占日本税收约三分之一。　　如今减税导致社保财源被挖出一个大窟窿，未来养老金能不能按时发、看病能不能报销、老人护理还能不能保障……这些都成了悬在日本人头上的问号。　　虽然高市强调“不会依赖发行特例公债（赤字国债）”来凑钱，但这话恰恰暴露了这件事最核心的矛盾：减税造成了如此大的财政窟窿，如果真不借债，钱从哪来？　　要知道，日本早已是全球债务负担最重的国家之一，政府债务规模约是其GDP的两倍。　　市场最怕的就是政府为了填减税的坑而大肆发债。

F | 因为债发多了，国债就会被抛售、收益率就会飙升。国债利率一涨，企业贷款利率、房贷利率全跟着涨，最终买单的还是普通老百姓。　　高市早苗的这场减税闹剧，本质上是一场以“惠民”为包装的政治赌博。她赌的是明年9月自民党总裁选举时能多拿些政治筹码，因为表面上看，减税有助于提升民众对政府的好感度。　　只不过明眼人都能看出来，看似安抚民心的“良方”，实则是一剂压榨民众未来的“毒药”。短期的政治红利，换来的是日本社会长久的经济阵痛，最终只会让全体日本民众为高市内阁的政治投机买单。